
Spitzbergen and Jan Mayen Island were fished (or mammaled) out by 1645. I mean to check if Keith Thomas's Man and the Natural World, 1500-1800 has anything about whales in it - I do not recall any, but this wonderful book explains the ideology behind such reckless exploitation.
I'd come across the painter before, using his 'The Chess Players' in a lecture I give on Thomas Middleton's Women beware Women which has a chess-playing scene (see the painting at http://www.wga.hu/html/m/man/chess_pl.html ). This is quite a sharp painting of a formalised battle between the sexes - the girl looks back at the viewer, and gestures to the male opponent she has just outwitted. A prominently belled cat makes a further point about the male as failed predator. But how de Man ended up painting a scene from the artic circle no-one explains. Did he voyage up there, or work from sketches brought back?
The Web Gallery of Art locates this scene (in their information pane on the painting) on Jan Mayen Island. But the setting is definitely 'Smeerenburg' ('Blubber-Town') in Spitzbergen ('Sharp Mountains'), with the very distinctive 'Devil's Thumb' mountain showing. 'Blubber-Town' was occupied just in three summer months.
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